| Site | Frequency | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Farnsworth Peak | 146.62 MHz | Operating normally. |
| Lake Mountain | 146.76 MHz | Intermittently timing out as if there were a '16 signal present. |
| Farnsworth Peak (ATV) | 426.25 MHz | Not currently in operation. It shares a control receiver with the 449.1 FM repeater which is temporarily out of service. |
| 05-28-07 New Strange '76 Problem |
A strange phenomenon was observed this morning (Monday, 5-28-2007). At regular intervals the repeater behaves as if it were being keyed up by a carrier on the '16 input frequency. It stays in this state until the repeater times out plus another minute or so. Then things return to normal for a few minutes. The cycle repeats about every 10 minutes (a value that changed radically through the day).
The source of the problem could conceivably be an external signal,
a problem with the receiver/preamp combination, or a problem with
the repeater logic. An external signal seems unlikely because no
heterodyne could be created against the phantom signal with 70 watts
from the valley. There are some arguments for and against each
possibility, so we probably won't know the cause until we can return
to the mountain. Wednesday currently looks like the first opportunity.
| 05-26-07 '76 PL problem fixed |
Clint, KA7OEI, and the author, K7HFV, went to the Lake Mountain site to see why a PL (or CTCSS) tone seemed to be missing on squelch tails and IDs. The PL tone is used to identify times when the repeater's carrier is on, but there is no signal on the repeater input. Those times include situations such as IDs, squelch tails, and IRLP transmissions originating from Internet. We found that the PL was, in fact, present, but its level was low, about 350 Hz deviation.
One problem seemed to be a strong RF sensitivity in the audio board. Clint added some power supply bypass capacitors across the op-amps and reduced the problem considerably, but there was still a lot of distortion on the PL tone when the level was brought up.
Clint also noticed from the scope patterns that most of the distortion was coming on the negative swinging side of the output amplifier. Further examination showed that a transistor in a mute circuit could have gone into conduction on the negative half-cycle. We added a diode in the collector circuit and that appeared to cure the problem, or at least allow a greater level before the distortion occurred. The tone deviation was brought up to about 550 Hz, and tests with IRLP indicated it was being detected properly back in the Salt Lake Valley at the site of the IRLP computer.
Clint had brought along a homebrew receiver preamp to replace the one we had brought down last December. Measurements indicated that the site noise had increased enough that the preamp only provided about a 3 dB improvement, but it was left in the circuit.
Here are some sensitivity measurements that were made:
| Signal in dBm required for 12 dB SINAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Finally, for good measure, we checked the SWR on each of our feedlines. They came in as follows:
| Receive antenna: | 1.2:1 |
| Transmit antenna: | 1.4:1 |
| Control antenna: | 1.1:1 |
Apparently there are no particular antenna or feedline problems.
| 02-06-07 '76 Back on the Air |
Sometime early in the week of January 28, the '76 repeater seemed to lose its transmit audio. Don Rawlins, N7YUQ, volunteered his snowmobiles to make a trip up the mountain. On Tuesday, February 6, Don and the author, K7HFV, made the trip. Snow depth was low enough that we were able to drive almost all the way, needing chains on the front end for only about the last 50 yards.
The culprit turned out to be an electrolytic capacitor in a 5-volt
power supply. Some TTL one-shot flip-flops were triggering on every
cycle of the more than one volt ripple, and this managed to keep the
audio muted. A 2200-microfarad 35-volt replacement brought the supply
to 4.96 volts with only 2 milivolts of ripple. A QSO with N1BL seemed
to confirm that all was back to normal.
| 12-10-06 Adjustments to '76 |
Clint, KA7OEI, and the author, K7HFV, made a trip to Lake Mountain on Saturday, December 9, to make a few adjustments to the '76 repeater. One of the digits of the touchtone decoder needed to have its sensitivity reduced, and the audio level from the IRLP link needed to be increased. We went up via the south (Mercer Canyon) road and were surprised how little snow there was for this late in the season, although the top of the mountain did have a general covering of several inches.
We made the intended adjustments, then checked the receiver sensitivity. We saw -94 dBm requried for 12dB SINAD, some 25 dB worse than it had been on our October trip. The problem seemed to be that the ARR preamp was intermittent, likely the result of a dirty contact in one of its bypass relays. We jumpered around the preamp and got the repeater back to about -107 dBm. We brought the preamp back with us for repair. Transmitter output was about 18 watts, which is within the normal range.
Clint noticed a crackling sound that often appeared on the signal when there was no 2-meter input signal (such as when an Internet transmission from IRLP is in progress). Clint had observed the problem before, but only during cold weather. It was traced to occasional high noise spikes from the receiver getting past the squelch gate. The problem was solved by adding a small reed relay in series with the audio line from the 2-meter receiver.
By the time we were ready to leave, it was dark. Loading up our vehicle for the return trip, we had to put up with a strong, cold wind, a precursor to the snowstorm of the next day, and the screeches from some raptor that had made a nest in the community tower.
As follow-up to this trip we need to:
| 10-04-06 '76 Back On |
Clint, KA7OEI, volunteered to look at the '76 transmitter, a Yaesu FT-2500. On the first key-up on the bench, it showed a brief burst of output power and then dropped to zero. Clint whapped it on the table a couple of times and it started transmitting full power. Further whaps, probes, and long transmit periods would not get it to fail again. The problem was suspected to be in the power control circuit – a feedback loop that senses output power and makes adjustments to the collector supply voltage of a driver stage in the RF chain. Just in case it should fail again, we added a few wires from the bottom of the PC board to give us test points that could be accessed while the board was in service. We recorded the normal voltages on the test points.
We did not feel totally good about re-installing a transmitter with a likely intermittent problem, but did not have a better approach. So on Wednesday, October 4, Repeater Trustee, Brett Sutherland, N7KG; Tom Wing, W7ETR; and the author, K7HFV; put the transmitter back on the mountain. Everything appears to be working fine. If it fails in the near future, at least we will have some voltages we can check quickly on-site.
We checked the receiver performance while we were there. It looked
quite good at 0.25 µV for 20 dB of quieting. Cavity loss was about
2 dB.
| 10-01-06 '76 Off the Air |
On Saturday, September 30, Clint, KA7OEI, and the author, K7HFV,
returned from a trip out of town to discover that '76 was off the air.
We don't know just when it went off, but believe it was operating on the
previous Wednesday. Brett, N7KG, and I made a trip to the mountain on Sunday,
October 1, and discovered that the transmitter was putting out practically
zero power. We brought the transmitter down (having neglected to take
the service manual with us) and hope to get it repaired and back to the
mountain soon.
| 11-03-04 A Few Squelch Problems |
There was an outage on '62 starting about 11 P.M. on Saturday night, October 30, and ending mid-afternoon the 31st. Another happened this morning, apparently starting sometime in the wee hours and ending about 9 A.M. We hadn't reported them in this space because they could be cured quickly by remote control, and it seemed more efficient to spend our time getting the repeater on the air than to use the time explaining why it was off the air. But some have asked what happened, so here is the story.
The '62 repeater has a remotely-controllable squelch which can be both a benefit and a liability. It allows us, without having to make a trip to the mountain, to adjust for conditions, particularly between summer and winter, and that ability helps make it practical to maintain the repeater with carrier squelch rather than requiring PL tones. However, it also means that the squelch setting can be lost if a handful of flip-flops lose power. They are backed up using a 9-volt battery which is usually adquate for the job. But if those flip-flops reset to zero, then the squelch will be fully open and the controller logic interprets that as a continuous carrier on the input. That will cause the repeater to time out after three minutes and stay off until the squelch closes.
On Saturday night/Sunday morning KSL made some major power distribution changes on Farnsworth Peak, converting from a 240/120-volt system to 480/277/208/120. The repeater, as best we can reconstruct the situation, was powered off for something in the neighborhood of six hours. We suspect that killed off the battery. It had not been changed for two years or more, and had had to supply power during some long periods during our power supply troubles of last summer. When power was restored we simply reset the squelch remotely and the repeater was back on, but it was vulnerable to brief power interruptions. Apparently one of those happened in the wee hours of Wednesday morning, November 3rd. Brett, N7KG, reset the squelch on his way into the office.
Our repeater engineer, Randy Finch, K7SL, tells us that arrangements
have been made to swap out the battery. We hope that will minimize
future interruptions.
| 07-29-04 Reconsideration on '62's Amplifier |
We arranged to have the amplifier brought down from the mountain. On Tuesday, the 27th, Brett Sutherland, N7KG, repeater trustee, and the author, K7HFV, powered it up and ran it through its paces. No short circuit was apparent. We were expecting to see fried semiconductors, but instead the amplifier powered up without any current spikes and was well-behaved. Driven with about three watts from a handheld, it produced about 90 watts of output and drew approximately 11 amps from the supply. Inside, there was no indication of anything overheated. As far as we could tell, this amplifier had nothing at all wrong with it.
On Thursday, July 29, we sent the amplifier up with Don, N7YUQ, who was making a trip to the mountain for other reasons. Guided by Repeater Engineer Randy Finch, K7SL, by telephone, he reinstalled the amplifier and it seemed to work just fine. So, at this point, the repeater is back to normal output.
So why did the fuse blow immediately when everything was hooked up on the 26th? That remains a mystery. Maybe there was some unseen short in the hookup. Maybe we had a defective fuse. Maybe there is still some latent problem in the power supply. Maybe the mountain Gods were having a bad day. All we can say is it seems to work fine now.
We'd like to remember that the RM-50 power supply takes 20-mm
glass fuses, 10 amps.
| 07-26-04 (evening)'62 Amplfier is Also Damaged |
Murphy's Law is still in effect. When the power supply was returned to the mountain and connected, it immediately blew a fuse. When the RF power amplifier was disconnected, the power supply ran happily. Apparently the amplifier was loading the supply with something close to a dead short. So now the amplifier is on its way to the valley for diagnosis and repair.
The '62 transmitter consists of separate exciter and amplifier units. The repeater continues to be on the air running the exciter only with about 3 watts of output.
Repair of the amplifier will almost certainly require ordering
new semiconductors, so it is likely to be a week or more before the
repeater is restored to full power.
| 07-26-04 '62 Power Supply Believed Repaired |
The power supply is repaired and waiting for a ride up to the repeater site. Clint, KA7OEI, writes:
The [Astron] RM-50M power supply for '62 has been fixed. Both diodes (originally 1N1184A -- 40-Amp, 100-Volt -- and had been previously replaced with their NTE equivalent) were shorted.
These diodes were replaced with type "70HFR40" which are 400-volt, 70-amp units. Note that these diodes are "R" types with their packages opposite polarity from the standard, so the wires connected to the diodes were appropriately modified.
After replacing the diodes, John Lloyd observed that the fuse popped after about 10 seconds of operation. The pass transistors were removed and checked -- but no problem was found.
The supply was left on (unloaded) over the weekend with no problem. It was then load-tested to about 25 amps and displayed an intermittent dropoff of voltage - down to about 10 volts or so. John quickly related this to flexing of the circuit board.
Re-flowing of all solder joints on the circuit board seems to have fixed this problem and the supply was loaded to about 30 amps with a voltage sag of about 30 millivolts and about 5 millivolts of AC ripple.
New silicone was globbed over the (external) original diode stubs to reduce the likelihood of shorting. Note that if that were to happen now with these "reversed" diodes the short would occur on the transformer (AC) side of the circuit instead of the rectifier side and would probably merely blow the line fuse.
It is worth noting that the original diodes could have been easily rewired such that their cases would be grounded, using the centertap as the "+" lead.
We may want to remember the following replacement options, should the need arise sometime in the future:
| Generic | Substitution | VPR | IF | Digi-Key Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1N1184A (Original) | NTE-5982 | 100 V | 40 A | $4.73 |
| 1N1186 | NTE-5986 | 200 V | 40 A | $4.83 |
| 1N2131A | NTE-6026 | 200 V | 60 A | $7.25 |
Package is 1/4-20 stud mount, DO5.
| 07-22-04 '62 Squeal Gone, Transformer OK |
The '62 repeater is now stealing power from the 449.1 repeater instead of getting it from the temporary supply. This seems to have cured the squeal. There is still not enough power available to run the amplifier, so the repeater continues to run in the 3-watt mode.
The power supply arrived in the valley and John Lloyd, K7JL, has been checking its operation. The transformer apparently survived and only the main rectifier diodes failed. They will be replaced with ones having higher ratings.
A gentleman named “Dave” has been making bogus
announcements about the repeater's condition and his part in fixing
it. Unfortunately, most of his information is wrong. Please ignore
statements about the repeater from this person; he is not associated
with the repeater committee and, as far as we know, has never even seen
the '62 repeater.
| 07-20-04 (evening) '62 Back On At Reduced Power. |
We were able to determine that the power supply failed and will have to be brought down for repairs. We don't yet know if the power transformer survived. If not, we may have to wait for a new one to be ordered in.
The repeater is now running on a temporary
supply and is running without the power amplifier, meaning transmitter
output is about 3 watts. The temporary supply seems to have some kind
of oscillation that is putting a squeal on the transmitted signal. The
repeater is usable even though the squeal is a bit annoying.
| 07-20-04 '62 Goes Off the Air |
At about 7:20 A.M. on Tuesday, July 20, '62 went off the air. The ATV
repeater, which runs on the same 12-volt power supply as '62, is also
down. This implies a problem with primary power to the rack or a problem
with the power supply. One possible scenario is that the crowbar
circuit in the power supply was tripped by line transients. With the
crowbar trying to short the output but the regulator still intact, the
regulator would go into foldback current limiting. If this is the case,
the cure would be simply to turn off the supply to reset the crowbar
circuit.
| 02-26-04 '62 Power Amplifier Back in Service |
On Saturday, February 7, Brett, N7KG, and the author, K7HFV, went over to KA7OEI's house and pretended to supervise while Clint changed all three transistors in the power amplifier's RF chain. We thought that running a little less output power might give us better life from the finals. The amplifier is rated at 100 watts but we had been running it closer to 130 watts output. We found a tuning compromise that gave us good efficiency and good balance between the two final transistors as well as output power near the rated value. The only remaining problem was finding a way to get the amplifier back on the mountain.
For more information about the amplifier and its failure, follow this link.
On Monday, February 23, Randy, K7SL, our Repeater Engineer, found a ride for the box and several handoffs were made. On Thursday, the 26th, the repeater went back on the air at full power. Readings at US Satellite showed a received signal level of -58 dBm after the change compared to -74 before. If we assume the amplier is now putting out 105 watts (which is close to the measurement made on the 7th with the amplifier on the bench), that would put the exciter power (the output level we had been running for about the last month) at 2.6 watts.
We can't help commenting that we hear a lot of operators say
"power doesn't matter," but there sure were a lot of complaints
when the power was down. The repeater had been running a power level
comparable to a handie-talkie, so this should have given H-T users
a chance to hear what they sound like at the repeater from various
locations.
| 01-31-04 '62 Power Amplifier Needs Transistors |
The power amplifier for '62 has been brought down to the valley
and put on the bench. It appears that all three RF devices will have
to be replaced. There is an MRF-239 driver transistor and a pair of
MRF-224 final amplifiers. Also, some resistors in the 100-ohm 2-watt
neighborhood will be needed for the collector balancing circuit.
Clint will order the parts and we'll take further steps when they arrive.
| 01-17-04 '62 Power Amplifier Dies |
Sometime around midday on Saturday, January 17, the repeater output dropped to the point where it was just barely copyable on a good fixed station antenna in the Salt Lake Valley. Further investigation showed the power amplifer had failed. We arranged to get the exciter patched through to the antenna and the repeater was usable once again. However, it may be noticeably weaker in many marginal areas. The system is probably delivering about two to three watts to the isolators and cavities instead of the normal 120.
We hope to be able to find a way to retrieve the amplifier and repair
it in the next several weeks.
| 08-16-03 Maintenance on '76 |
Clint Turner, KA7OEI, and the author, Gordon Smith, K7HFV, made a trip to Lake Mountain on the 16th to do four things:
The strange-sounding ID turned out to be caused by one of three capacitors we had suspected before going up. The electrolytic on the output of an LM-309K had lost enough of its capacitance to allow the regulator to oscillate. There was a 3-MHz signal running around the board that caused the behavior to change radically depending on what sort of conductor was close to the board and at what distance. Changing the capacitor cured the problem.
A modification was necessary to make "autopatch mode" (which would also be used for uplinking IRLP audio) resettable. A 2N3906 was added to the 555 timer which causes timeout resetting of autopatch mode. This made the circuit into the famous "missing pulse detector" allowing the timer to be reset before timing completely out.
The power supply that was removed two years ago (see the 7-7-01 incident) had been repaired and was restored to service, freeing the 20A Astron supply for later use on Scott's Hill.
Performance measurements came out as follows:
| Equipment | Parameter | Value | Units | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two-meter receiver | Sensitivity | 0.35 | µV | 12 dB SINAD |
| Distortion | 4.8 | % | 1 kHz | |
| Ch element # | TLN1086A | |||
| Crystal Frequency | 12.846666 | MHz | High side, X12, 8 MHz IF? | |
| 70-cm receiver | Bandwidth | 26.4 | kHz | 6 dB down |
| Bandwidth | 47.0 | kHz | 40 dB down | |
| Sensitivity | 1.0 | µV | 12 dB SINAD | |
| Sensitivity | 0.4 | µV | Squelch open | |
| Distortion | 6.4 | % | 1 kHz | |
| Transmitter | Power output | 17 | Watts | “Medium” setting |
| Two-meter receive feedline | SWR | 1.10:1 | ||
| Two-meter transmit feedline | SWR | 1.30:1 | ||
| 70-cm receive feedline | SWR | 1.15:1 | ||
| Autopatch timer | Delay time | 5:17 | min:sec | Initial run |
| Delay time | 4:30 | min:sec | After reset | |
| 06-21-02 Interference Has Not Returned |
It's probably time to tell the end of the interference story. We didn't really know exactly when the story was complete, but now that we've gone two months with no problem, it's probably safe to say it's over.
The interference stopped within a day or two of the time John contacted Mr. Pluim. That was good news, but there was no guarantee the relief would be permanent.
We found out about the next chapter in an odd way. Another ham, Don Wood of Bountiful, who runs a service shop, contacted John after Mr. Pluim brought in the offending radio for checkout. It was a 35-watt mobile strip turned down to about three watts. That, alone, is enough to cause cleanliness problems in many radios. However, Don (who knows his business well) found nothing wrong with this one. When the strip was operated into a 50-ohm load, there were no harmonics or parasitics that were above normal limits.
Presumably, the radio was re-installed, and the problem went away. We don't know exactly why. It is likely that something in the antenna system was presenting an odd, reactive load to the transmitter and causing the problem. Mr. Pluim might have found and fixed a corroded joint, or perhaps it was a connector problem and just the act of disconnecting and reconnecting the radio was enough to remove corrosion and make the connection solid again. A connection problem to the power source is another possible culprit. In any case, we are simply happy that we no longer have the interference.
| 04-04-02 Licensee of Interfering Transmitter Contacted |
John, K7JL, was, indeed, able to confirm the source of our interference and get more information. The signal emanates from a small Yagi (about five elements) on top of the southern water tower and aimed south-southwest (very close to straight at Farnsworth Peak). The primary frequency (that is, the one on which a signal is supposed to be transmitted) is 173.2625 MHz. The licensee is listed in the FCC database as the “Hooper Water Improvement District.”
Spectrum analyzer measurements showed not only the spurious signal near 146.02, but another, even stronger spur at 159.645 (a region allocated to public safety communication). On some bearings, the 159.645 signal was actually stronger than the one on the intended frequency.
Here are some of the measurements: (Note that, because the numbers are negative, smaller values indicate stronger signals.)
| Approx. Bearing from Yagi | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Freq. (MHz) | 90° | 200° (Main Lobe) | 280° |
| 173.2526 | -40 dBm | -36 dBm | -62 dBm |
| 159.645 | -60 dBm | -42 dBm | -55 dBm |
| 146.02 | -70 dBm | -60 dBm | -64 dBm |
John tried calling the licensee of the station and, after several referrals, spoke with Mr. Wim Pluim of US Filter Company. Mr. Pluim seemed to appreciate the problem and said he would order a new transmitter unit immediately and replace the existing one as soon as possible. There is hope!
| 04-03-02 Interference Source Located |
After an evening of roaming the streets of Roy, we believe the source of the "sweeping kerchunk" has been located. Most of us had given up trying to hear the signal from somewhere other than the mountain. Attempts had failed in the Salt Lake valley, Utah valley, and Tooele valley. But, after mentioning the problem on the Sunday night UARC Information Net, we got a tip from Kim, N7WLW, that he could hear the signal full-scale near his home in West Haven (west of Roy).
Clint, KA7OEI, had a newly procured (and modified) Dick Smith Doppler Direction Finder. Armed with that unit and Kim's tip, Clint and the author headed north. We heard nothing until we were past Clearfield, but then, sure enough, the sweeping signal appeared. The sweep seemed to be remarkably well-centered on 146.02, starting at about '01 and ending at about '03.
We followed the freeway into Ogden, but found the signal-strength peak to be near the Roy exit, so we went west into Roy.
We finally determined that the signal appears to be coming from one of two water tanks just east of Roy West Park (about 4600 S. 2900 West). That area is just a few blocks west of Roy High School. The transmitter is likely used to telemeter such parameters as water level, flow rates, and valve positions. Apparently it has at least one output on a frequency other than the intended one.
The next step will be to correlate the spurious signal with a primary signal and try to locate the licensee. John Lloyd, K7JL, plans to take a spectrum analyzer into the area today and check out a frequency in the FCC's database that seems most likely to be the culprit.
| 03-28-02 "Sweeping Kerchunk" Signal Observed Keying '62 |
Starting about Friday, March 22, users of 146.62 started reporting a strange, recurring signal keying the repeater. Generally the problem manifests itself as a brief keyup of the repeater every 25 to 45 seconds. The interference is active most of the time, although it sometimes disappears for several hours.
So far, no one has succeeded in hearing the signal on the 146.02 input frequency. Numerous stations in the Salt Lake Valley have listened (some with Yagis and very sensitive receivers) as well as others in Utah Valley and in Tooele County. This behavior seems to suggest about three possibilities for where the source of the signal might be:
Heterodyne tests show an interesting property of the signal: it is not on a stable frequency but is sweeping through the repeater's input frequency. It starts below 146.02, moves up through the repeater's passband, and then leaves the passband as it moves up in frequency still further. The frequency vs. time characteristic is very linear. We have no way of knowing just how far below 146.02 it starts and how far above it goes.
Another intersting property is that the signal sometimes seems to have weak data modulation. It sounds somewhat like AFSK with resting frequencies near 1100 and 1300 Hz. On some passes, only the higher tone is heard. On others, a transition from high to low is heard. On still others, there seem to be actual data being sent.
Observers disagree on whether the signal strength is constant. The sweeping property of the signal causes the repeater quieting to vary as the signal moves through different parts of the passband.
The signal does not seem to affect the 146.94 repeater which is only about a quarter-mile south of the '62 site. This could mean the signal source is very close, physically, to the '02 receiver, or it could simply mean the sweep doesn't extend that far in frequency.
So far, no input observations have been reported from Davis County and points north. If anyone happens to be up that way while the signal is apparent on the '62 output, listen on '02 and let us know if you can hear anything with the same pattern (about a one-second burst every 25 to 45 seconds).
The interference is not strong enough nor long-lasting enough to impair communications through the repeater. It is mostly an annoyance to those monitoring '62. So the solution may have to wait until summer when we can drive to the site with DF gear and identify the source of the signal.
| 03-13-02 '62 Returned to Normal Status |
Thanks to our generous benefactor, I (K7HFV) was able to get another snowcat ride up to Farnsworth Peak. We had considered snowshoeing up, but we could not find a volunteer to carry the 40-pound power supply in his pack. Conditions on the ridge were rather exciting. Fresh deep drifts sometimes made the road difficult to find and the winds were fierce, making the snow come at us virtually horizontally.
KA7OEI had repaired the ailing power supply. The 35-amp diodes had both shorted. I was able to install the repaired supply and put the amplifier back in line. We now show about 80 watts going into the feedline (after cavity and isolator losses).
| Normal exciter readings: | RF = 0.4 | DC = 0.7 |
| Conditions between bandpass cavity and notch cavities: | Power = 100W | SWR = 1.85 |
| Conditions between last notch cavity and feedline: | Power = 80W | SWR = 1.90 |
| Normal power supply status in transmit: | 13.67 Volts | 22 Amps |
| Remote squelch times: | Enable: 13 seconds | Disable: 50 seconds |
| Power feed to receiver site: | 53 Volts AC | |
| Fuses required for power supply: | Littlefuse GMA-10 | |
| Original power supply rectifiers: | 1N1184A | 100 V @ 40 A |
| 03-05-02 Accident Puts '62 Power Supply Out of Service. |
The ATV gang was doing some work to restore the 23-cm receiver. In the process, a cable shorted to the rectifier diodes in the '62 power supply (they are exposed on the back of the Astron unit) and took out the supply. Temporarily, enough power was stolen from the 449.1 repeater to run '62's exciter but not its amplifier. So '62 will be in the QRP mode until the power supply can be repaired and another trip arranged. Perhaps this will give H-T users a chance to see how they sound from various locations, as the repeater will be about the same strength coming back to them.
A problem with the ATV 23-cm receiver has been fixed and the transmitter side of the ATV repeater is again being used for NASA Shuttle Mission coverage. The '62 transmitter was put back on frequency. (It was running about 1 kHz high.)
| 02-27-02 '62 Restored. |
In a roundabout way we found out about a ham who was making a snowcat trip to Farnsworth for his employer. With some clever juggling of load, they were able to make space for the author, K7HFV. Time on top would be limited, however.
I would like to thank this ham profusely, but for reasons that I'll leave to your imagination, it is probably best if we don't mention his name here.
The culprit was found to be a Sola constant-voltage transformer which feeds the step-down transformer which sends power down to the receiver site. It was putting out about 13 volts instead of the customary 120. The Sola is used to protect against power line spikes, brownouts, and over-voltage, but is not necessary for the repeater to operate. In fact, '62 operated for over a year without it at the time we biggie-sized our 12-volt power supply to accommodate ATV. So, I just bypassed the Sola and the receiver came back to life. We will have to decide if the transformer is worth replacing. (Anyone out there with an excess Sola? It only needs to handle about 100 watts.)
| 02-16-02 '62 Fails. |
Sometime between about 1800 and 1900, the 146.62 repeater stopped repeating. Some quick checks with the personnel on the mountain indicate that the power supply and transmitter are working normally, but there has been a failure in the receiver, the cable from the receive site, the receive antenna, or the squelch logic.
Further diagnosis and repair will have to wait until we can make a trip to the mountain. Those trips aren't exactly trivial this time of year. Bad weather is predicted for the next several days. After that, we may be able to work out a snowshoe or snowmobile trip.
| 07-07-01 Hum on '76 Cured. |
A bad 120-Hz hum troubled '76 for most of the past week. Clint, KA7OEI, and the author, K7HFV, went to the site and replaced the power supply with a 20-amp Astron that was removed from Farnsworth a few years ago. We then brought the existing supply back to the valley for troubleshooting.
The supply that had been running the '76 transmitter and receiver for the last several years was built by Steve Kleinlein, AE7G, in the late 70's for use on Farnsworth Peak. (The later addition of a larger amplifier and the ATV repeater made a larger supply necessary on Farnsworth.)
Steve's supply was designed for maximum reliability on a site where winter access was somewhere between difficult and impossible. It had a large main supply and a small backup supply adequate to run the old '62 without the power amplifier. The two supplies were diode OR'd together.
The problem turned out to be that the big supply had its current limiting misadjusted so that it could supply only a few amps. The two supplies had been working jointly to supply the load. This worked fine up until this week when a filter capacitor in the backup supply failed.
The main supply is now working fine on the bench, and the backup will be repaired as soon as we can locate a replacement capacitor (20,000 uF at 30V) that will fit the mounting clamp.
| 10-23-00 '62 Finally Back to Full Power. |
We made another attempt to install the power supply and checked several times before leaving home that we actually had the new supply with us. It installed without difficulty. Retuning the amplifier, we were able to triple, approximately, the power output. (Checks in the valley later showed a 5-6 dB improvement.)
Clint added to the ATV repeater a circuit that allowed sending the audio at narrow deviation on the video carrier. (This is in addition to regular wide-FM audio signal, 4.5 MHz above the video carrier.) This feature should be helpful during Shuttle mission retransmissions. It allows the audio to be received on a regular communications transceiver tuned to the video carrier frequency at 426.25 (or perhaps 426.30 or 426.35 -- tune for minimum sync buzz).
The ride back down from the mountain was a bit exciting. It was about 9:30 P.M., quite dark, moonless, and it appeared that the author's (K7HFV) vehicle had lost its alternator. We decided that preserving locomotion was probably more important than having the best of light. So we doused the headlights and got along with an LED flashlight powered by three AA cells, duct-taped onto the winch control box. It was supplemented by a lantern-style flashlight held out the window by the author to highlight a few of the larger obstacles. Amazingly, we got down without running off any of the 500-foot cliffs and without getting collared by the Kennecott security guard who must have been sure we were trying to slip out with a pilfered elk.
| 10-16-00 '62 Transmit Signal Now a Bit Stronger |
We headed for the '62 site with the intent of finishing three jobs: installing a new transmit antenna, changing the final transistors in the two-meter amplifier, and installing a new power supply adequate for running the ATV transmitter and '62 at full power.
We were successful at the first two. A newly constructed J-pole went into place when its mount was supplemented by some scrap rubber pieces found on the site. Clint successfully changed the final transistors, and it became immediately apparent that the balance was greatly improved.
When it came to changing the power supply, though, we discovered we had neglected to bring along one component required for the job: the power supply. We were still able to leave the amplfier putting out more power than it had when we arrived. Later measurements in the valley indicated about a 6 dB improvement between the antenna and the the amplifier.
| 08-20-00 '62 Back to Normal |
We tried to blame it on the thunderstorm, the ATV repeater, and the repeater's horoscope, but none of those worked. The problem that took the repeater off the air sometime on the 18th turned out to be a cold solder joint between a connecting wire and the terminal of an edge connector. It had held together for 20 years but picked this summer to break loose.
We determined that an important control detection signal was being created properly on the audio board, but never arriving at the logic board. We went to place the scope probe on the terminal and found the wire that used to connect to it floating in the air. Somewhere, we seemed to remember an axiom that wires in harnesses are usually supposed to connect to something. The solution required only a few minutes with a soldering iron.
Clint (KA7OEI) then spent a couple of hours devising a way to reduce the heat generated inside the ATV repeater's audio transmitter box. The final solution involved a string of diodes from the author's (K7HFV) toolbox used as a distributed power resistor. The aural transmitter now seems to be much happer than before.
| 08-19-00 '62 Control Problem |
The thunderstorms on Friday night apparently damaged something in '62's control system. The repeater itself works fine, but it is running open squelch. The control logic interprets this to mean a signal is continuously present on the input, so the repeater stays timed out. We hope to be able to go up sometime Saturday and see exactly what is going on.
| 07-28-00 '62 Back On; Problem May Recur |
Getting the repeater back on was remarkably easy: we just turned the power supply off and back on. However, deducing why that was necessary is a little harder.
We (KA7OEI, NY4I, and K7HFV) found the power supply in the state where the crowbar circuit had tripped and foldback current limiting was holding the output to about two volts. (Crowbar circuits are safety circuits used in linear power supplies to keep from destroying the equipment they power in the event the pass transistors short out. The crowbar circuit shorts the output voltage if it senses it has passed a high threshold point.)
Just why the crowbar tripped (with the pass transistors still doing just fine) is a bit mysterious. Such a problem is not uncommon with linear power supplies, but this particular one had never done it before in the ten years or so it has been operating '62.
Several factors make us suspicious that heat may have been part of the answer:
We checked the repeater's power amplifier and replaced a bad transistor used to sense input RF and start the amplifier's fan. In the process, Clint noticed that there is considerable imbalance between the two transistors that comprise the amplifier. This suggests loss of emitter sites in at least one of the transistors. It also means the transistor carrying the larger part of the load is in danger of overheating and failing.
To (we hope) reduce the danger, we left the amplifier running somewhat less power (about 40 watts instead of the normal 130) until a new set of matched finals can be obtained. We left the balance somewhat better than it had been when we arrived.
The reduction of output power also reduces the load on the power supply, and, hence, the amount of heat it must dissipate. If our crowbar trip was, indeed, heat-related, this change should make it less likely to happen again.
Of course, this isn't a final or satisfying answer to our problem. With luck, we will be able to take several steps before the season is over:
Clint added a 23-cm preamp to the ATV repeater and adjusted levels. It was then able to relay a good-quality copy of a test signal sent up on 23 cm from the US Satellite site. This makes the machine virtually ready to relay shuttle transmissions later this year. (The 70-cm receiving system has yet to be installed.)
| 07-27-00 '62 Off; Power Supply Suspected |
The 146.62 repeater went off the air at about 1708 on Wednesday the 26th. The partially-installed ATV repeater also appears to be off and probably went down at the same time. Since the two share a power supply, this probably implies a problem with the supply or some module having shorted and forced the supply into foldback limiting.
KA7OEI and the author, K7HFV, will try to arrange to go to the site after work this evening and find out what happened.
| 07-07-00 Control Problems Possibly Resolved |
The author, K7HFV, and Clint Turner, KA7OEI, spent most of Thursday evening at Farnsworth Peak. We changed some ICs and made some adjustments to the '62 control system. We'll know after a day or two of operation if it is now more immune to outside influences.
The site was home to firefighters watching the brush fire on the west side of the Oquirrhs. The crew for the television station told us they had had to evacuate the site the previous night when the fire appeared to be getting too close.
Installation of the Amateur Television (ATV) repeater is underway. Some adjustments to the control system were made and a link was installed to receive the FM TV signal from the University of Utah Amateur Radio Club (UUARC).
| 07-04-00 Control Problems |
The ATV gang spent most of Monday and Tuesday installing equipment for the ATV repeater. This necessitated rearranging some of the pieces of equipment that compose the '62 repeater. This rearrangement (and possibly differences in the amount of incidental RF getting back into the box) conspired with a wiring mistake on the control board to produce problems with the remote control system. The main problem is that the repeater keeps going off, partly due to suspected interference from another service on the control frequency. During hours when no one is at the control point to reset it, the repeater remains off. We hope to be able to go up Thursday night (7-6) and readjust things to solve the problem.
| 06-23-00 Deaf Receiver? |
Starting on Tuesday, June 20, the '62 repeater seemed to go mostly deaf. Fixed stations with 50 watts and a good antenna could get in, but most others could not even key the repeater up. We speculated on failures of the receive antenna, the preamp, the receive cavity, or just noise from some other radio service.
When the problem persisted through Wednesday, we made plans to go up to the site Thursday night and see what the problem was.
I (K7HFV) left work on Thursday with the intent of quickly loading some test gear and heading for the mountain. But then I heard a station who barely gets into the repeater under good conditions make a full-quieting transmission on '62. At that point I realized that something must have changed.
When I got home, I called Clint, KA7OEI, who was still at work and had access to calibrated signal generators. He measured the amount of signal that '62 required to produce reasonable quieting and confirmed that it was back to normal and that two other nearby repeaters that had suffered about a 10 dB degredation were also back to normal. Interference to our control receiver on another band had gone away as well. At that point it was pretty clear the whole problem had been interference and not anything wrong with the repeater.
We got Randy, K7SL, to call the operator on the mountain and find out what had just changed. The story was interesting.
Among the many multi-kilowatt stations on Farnsworth there is also a 50-watt "low power" FM station. Their call is KUUU and they operate on 92.1 MHz playing rap. Clint has suggested a better callsign would have been KRAP -- to be pronounced, of course, Kay-Rap. However, during a check earlier in the week, the FCC had decided that the other pronunciation was more appropriate. Their spurious emissions were so bad they were ordered to shut down until the problems could be fixed. You might think their shutting down would fix our problem, but that is actually when it started.
They just turned the transmitter off and left their solid-state final (now an unbiased collector junction) connected to the antenna. One of the problems in their station design was they had no cavity or bandpass device of any type between the transmitter and the antenna. In addition, they had no isolator despite site regulations. So their final amplifier stage made a great high-level mixer. It happily mixed all the kilowatts of FM and TV signals creating a plethora of new frequencies. Unimpeded by a cavity, these new signals were sent directly back to the antenna to be re-radiated around the site.
We estimate the interference was so strong it was about 40 dB above the normal site noise floor. That means that '62 users had to have 40 dB more signal to get into the receiver. (A 40 dB improvement on the transmit end is fairly easy to achieve -- just run 10,000 times your normal output power.)
On Thursday they switched to their new antenna (and, hopefully, cavity) just about the time we heard the first good '62 transmission. Magically, the noise disappeared.
So there you have it -- the incredible self-repairing repeater.
| For more information about the UARC repeaters and their sites as well as technical information about how they work, go to The UARC Repeater Page. |
Page last updated:
05-28-2007